Institute at Brown for Environment and Society

Meet Voss Fellow Liza Marcus ’26: Tracing the chemistry of air pollution, one isotope at a time

Dual concentrator Liza Marcus ’26 is unraveling the complex chemistry of nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere, work that could improve air quality predictions and inform environmental policy.

The Voss Fellowship Program is the premier training and funding opportunity for undergraduates interested in environmental research at Brown University.

Liza Marcus ’26

The polluted air above any city has a complicated chemical profile. And Liza Marcus ’26 is learning how to read it. As an IBES Undergraduate Voss Fellow working on Professor Meredith Hastings’s Breathe Providence team, Marcus has spent the past year developing and deploying new environmental sampling methods to study the chemistry of two of the EPA’s most closely regulated atmospheric pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ground-level ozone. Her research — collecting air samples around the clock, processing them through mass spectrometry, and tracing the molecular signatures left behind by chemical reactions — is helping scientists better understand how harmful pollutants form, and what that means for the air we breathe.

How would you summarize your research?

“I research reactive nitrogen oxides (commonly referred to as NOx) and ozone chemistry in the atmosphere. NOx can be emitted from both natural sources, like soil, and human-related activities, like vehicles and combustion. NOx can produce ground-level ozone, a harmful pollutant with ecological and human health implications. Together, NOx and ozone can contribute to the formation of particulate matter, which can penetrate deep into the human respiratory tract and form photochemical smog, as well as particulate nitrate, which can cause algae blooms, forest degradation, and soil acidification.

“ To study this chemistry, we collected NO2 and ozone simultaneously — something that has not been done in the U.S. and very rarely elsewhere in the world. ”

What does a typical day of fieldwork look like for you?

“So far, I’ve completed three sampling campaigns, each lasting about two weeks. During a campaign, we sample continuously out of an inlet in our lab window: daytime samples run from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., and nighttime samples run from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. I typically arrive 30 to 45 minutes early to tear down the previous run — extracting and freezing the samples for later processing — and then set everything up for the next one.

After a campaign is complete, I process the NO2 samples using a chemical method that converts them to N2O, which can be fed into our mass spectrometer. For the ozone samples, I use a batch of bacteria to do the same conversion. Both sample types are then run through the same instrument to determine their isotope ratios.”

What has surprised you most since beginning this research?

“Honestly, almost everything — I came into this lab knowing I wanted to study air pollution, but I knew nothing about NOx-ozone chemistry or how isotopes could be used to trace it. But the most surprising thing was learning that emission sources are not the only factor determining the amount of NO2 in the air or its isotopic composition. NO, which is what's primarily emitted from vehicles and combustion sources, can travel through the atmosphere and later react with ozone to form NO2. So the story of where NO2 comes from is much more complicated than just its original emission.”

What are the broader environmental implications?

“NOx-ozone chemistry has wide-ranging consequences for both ecosystems and public health. These two pollutants can lead to the formation of particulate matter that deposits into the atmosphere, harms ecosystems, and lingers in the air as smog. Understanding the chemistry that precedes the formation of these pollutants can help us build better atmospheric computation models for predicting air quality — and help us make more informed recommendations to legislators about how to improve it.”

How has the Voss Fellowship shaped your experience as a researcher at Brown?

“The Voss Fellowship exposed me to a breadth of environmental research I wouldn’t have encountered otherwise. Because the cohort is such a diverse group studying such different things, I've had to learn how to communicate my work to a general audience, which turned out to be especially valuable during the graduate school application process. I felt confident explaining my research to scientists across a wide range of fields.

The Fellowship also supported me in presenting a poster at the American Geophysical Union Conference in December 2025, where I was surrounded by thousands of geoscientists. Being able to share my work in that setting and learn from others doing research at that scale was something I'll always carry with me.”

Where do you see this research taking you in the future?

Dr. Hastings, Dr. Heejeong Kim, and I hope to publish our findings in a scientific journal. We believe we have enough data and significant findings to produce a manuscript the broader scientific community can learn from. And I plan to continue researching air pollution chemistry in graduate school. This fall, I’ll be heading to Caltech to pursue a PhD in Chemistry, with a focus on atmospheric science.”